I just know this from my experience through school. (American standpoint) Also many schools in America have different curriculum so my school might of thought different units and different subjects at different times or did or didn't teach us something another school did. But this is what my High School-Middle School thought me.
1st Grade-7th Grade is very vague all I remember is learning of other nations culture's, religion, Government, and a little bit of Politics.
8th Grade American History- Colonization of America, The Pilgrims, 7 Years War (French & Indian), American Revolution, Lee's Rebellion, and American Civil War.
9th Grade (Freshman)- I took Humanities- Post WWII, Modern, Classical Babylon, Classical Greece, Classical Rome, and Religion.
10th Grade (Sophmore)- Modern European History- I believe we started around 1400's with Absolutism, Protestant Reformation, Italian Renascence, Sale of Indulgences, Martin Luther, Industrialization, Unification of Italy, Franco-Prussian War, Bismark, Kaiser Wilhelm, Unification of Germany, WWI, Propaganda, WWII, Cold War, and then the Establishment of the EU.
11th Grade (Junior) American History- Started around late 1800's after the Civil War (Because we "learned" about the Civil War and Revolutionary War in 8th Grade) then moved up the ladder towards Womens Suffrage, Child Labor, Industrialization with JP Morgan and the Rockefeller's, Texaco, Railway system, Teddy Roosevelt, and then took a break and started learning about Laws, Politics, Constitution, Bill of Rights, and other misc. things like that. Then wen't back to WWI (which was mainly about Europe's point of view didn't learn much about the early parts with America) Then the Great depression and the trickle down effect. Then we jumped to Modern Times with learning about Terrorism with the Mujaheddin and al Qaeda; with their roots and how they formed. Then a bit of Osama Bin Laden and his hatred towards the Western World, how he got his money, where did he train and stuff like that. Then moved towards our mistakes in Afghanistan and how we could of and should of gotten Bin Laden at Torah Borra and that we relied on the Afghans and Pakistan's when we shouldn't have. Then talked a little on how we should have went to war with Al Qaeda after the bombing of the USS Cole and the Kenyan Embassy Attack. All within the 90's and how if Bill Clinton wasn't an idiot and worried about his public ego for being cough cheating on his wife we probably could of prevented 9/11. Then we moved down to the 80's with the movements like Women Rights and other things. We ran out of time and didn't get to learn/talk about Vietnam, Korea, or WWII.
12th Grade (Senior) Government- Just talk about the U.S. Government and how we can prevent inflation, checks and balances, and other stuff.
Now I probably left out a lot of things but I think I got a lot down.
But I truly do think majority of American's don't know much about what their history is or the USA history, or are able to point Ukraine out on a map. But I think the school curriculum here does get the job done. Now yes we may be more bias when it come to war like the Civil War because I live in the North; my school is gonna lean more to the Union the rather a southern school is gonna lean more to the Confederacy.